PMS refers to a group of physical and emotional symptoms that show up in the one to two weeks before a period starts, then ease once the period begins. Most people who menstruate notice at least some PMS symptoms at some point.
PMS symptoms are usually a mix of physical and emotional changes.
Why It Happens
PMS is linked to the natural rise and fall of estrogen and progesterone in the days before a period (covered in Chapter 4). These shifts affect not just the body but also brain chemicals that influence mood.
Easing PMS
- Regular sleep and gentle exercise can reduce symptom intensity.
- Reducing salt, caffeine, and sugar in the days before your period may help with bloating and mood.
- Tracking your cycle (Chapter 9) helps you anticipate PMS days and plan around them.
When to Mention It to a Doctor
- If PMS symptoms are severe enough to disrupt school, sleep, or relationships most months, it's worth a conversation with a doctor, there are effective treatments available.